

'''simple docstring'''







from __future__ import annotations

from queue import Queue






def 					_SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE		(						snake_case_							,       snake_case_	):
	a ^= b
	b ^= a
	a ^= b
	return a, b






def 					_SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE		(						snake_case_							,       snake_case_	):
	_lowercase							=     1
	while (1 << j) < max_node:
		for i in range(1							,       max_node + 1	):
			_lowercase							=     parent[j - 1][parent[j - 1][i]]
		j += 1
	return parent






def 					_SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE		(						snake_case_							,       snake_case_							,       snake_case_							,       snake_case_	):
	# u must be deeper in the tree than v
	if level[u] < level[v]:
		_lowercase							=     swap(__lowerCamelCase							,       __lowerCamelCase	)
	# making depth of u same as depth of v
	for i in range(18							,       -1							,       -1	):
		if level[u] - (1 << i) >= level[v]:
			_lowercase							=     parent[i][u]
    # at the same depth if u==v that mean lca is found
	if u == v:
		return u
	# moving both nodes upwards till lca in found
	for i in range(18							,       -1							,       -1	):
		if parent[i][u] not in [0, parent[i][v]]:
			_lowercase							=     parent[i][u], parent[i][v]
    # returning longest common ancestor of u,v
	return parent[0][u]






def 					_SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE		(						snake_case_							,       snake_case_							,       snake_case_							,       snake_case_							,       snake_case_ = 1							,       ):
	_lowercase							=     0
	_lowercase							=     Queue(maxsize=__lowerCamelCase	)
	q.put(__lowerCamelCase	)
	while q.qsize() != 0:
		_lowercase							=     q.get()
		for v in graph[u]:
			if level[v] == -1:
				_lowercase							=     level[u] + 1
				q.put(__lowerCamelCase	)
				_lowercase							=     u
	return level, parent






def 					_SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE		(						):
	_lowercase							=     13
	# initializing with 0
	_lowercase							=     [[0 for _ in range(max_node + 10	)] for _ in range(20	)]
	# initializing with -1 which means every node is unvisited
	_lowercase							=     [-1 for _ in range(max_node + 10	)]
	_lowercase							=     {
	    1: [2, 3, 4],
	    2: [5],
	    3: [6, 7],
	    4: [8],
	    5: [9, 10],
	    6: [11],
	    7: [],
	    8: [12, 13],
	    9: [],
	    10: [],
	    11: [],
	    12: [],
	    13: [],
	}
	_lowercase							=     breadth_first_search(__lowerCamelCase							,       __lowerCamelCase							,       __lowerCamelCase							,       __lowerCamelCase							,       1	)
	_lowercase							=     create_sparse(__lowerCamelCase							,       __lowerCamelCase	)
	print("""LCA of node 1 and 3 is: """							,       lowest_common_ancestor(1							,       3							,       __lowerCamelCase							,       __lowerCamelCase	)	)
	print("""LCA of node 5 and 6 is: """							,       lowest_common_ancestor(5							,       6							,       __lowerCamelCase							,       __lowerCamelCase	)	)
	print("""LCA of node 7 and 11 is: """							,       lowest_common_ancestor(7							,       11							,       __lowerCamelCase							,       __lowerCamelCase	)	)
	print("""LCA of node 6 and 7 is: """							,       lowest_common_ancestor(6							,       7							,       __lowerCamelCase							,       __lowerCamelCase	)	)
	print("""LCA of node 4 and 12 is: """							,       lowest_common_ancestor(4							,       12							,       __lowerCamelCase							,       __lowerCamelCase	)	)
	print("""LCA of node 8 and 8 is: """							,       lowest_common_ancestor(8							,       8							,       __lowerCamelCase							,       __lowerCamelCase	)	)


if __name__ == "__main__":
							main()






"""simple docstring"""





import cva
import numpy as np







def       __a	(						__lowerCamelCase,						__lowerCamelCase,						__lowerCamelCase,						__lowerCamelCase    ):

   try:
      return int(image[x_coordinate][y_coordinate] >= center    )
   except (IndexError, TypeError):
      return 0







def       __a	(						__lowerCamelCase,						__lowerCamelCase,						__lowerCamelCase    ):
   UpperCAmelCase_   :   Optional[int]     	=       image[x_coordinate][y_coordinate]
   UpperCAmelCase_   :   int     	=       [1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128]

   # skip get_neighbors_pixel if center is null
   if center is None:
      return 0

   # Starting from the top right, assigning value to pixels clockwise
   UpperCAmelCase_   :   List[Any]     	=       [
       get_neighbors_pixel(__lowerCamelCase,						x_coordinate - 1,						y_coordinate + 1,						__lowerCamelCase    ),
       get_neighbors_pixel(__lowerCamelCase,						__lowerCamelCase,						y_coordinate + 1,						__lowerCamelCase    ),
       get_neighbors_pixel(__lowerCamelCase,						x_coordinate - 1,						__lowerCamelCase,						__lowerCamelCase    ),
       get_neighbors_pixel(__lowerCamelCase,						x_coordinate + 1,						y_coordinate + 1,						__lowerCamelCase    ),
       get_neighbors_pixel(__lowerCamelCase,						x_coordinate + 1,						__lowerCamelCase,						__lowerCamelCase    ),
       get_neighbors_pixel(__lowerCamelCase,						x_coordinate + 1,						y_coordinate - 1,						__lowerCamelCase    ),
       get_neighbors_pixel(__lowerCamelCase,						__lowerCamelCase,						y_coordinate - 1,						__lowerCamelCase    ),
       get_neighbors_pixel(__lowerCamelCase,						x_coordinate - 1,						y_coordinate - 1,						__lowerCamelCase    ),
   ]

   # Converting the binary value to decimal.
   return sum(
       binary_value * power for binary_value, power in zip(__lowerCamelCase,						__lowerCamelCase    )    )


if __name__ == "__main__":
    # Reading the image and converting it to grayscale.
    _a									=				cva.imread(
        'digital_image_processing/image_data/lena.jpg', cva.IMREAD_GRAYSCALE
    )

    # Create a numpy array as the same height and width of read image
    _a									=				np.zeros((image.shape[0], image.shape[1]))

    # Iterating through the image and calculating the
    # local binary pattern value for each pixel.
    for i in range(0, image.shape[0]):
        for j in range(0, image.shape[1]):
            _a									=				local_binary_value(image, i, j)

    cva.imshow('local binary pattern', lbp_image)
    cva.waitKey(0)
    cva.destroyAllWindows()


