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README.md
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---
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license: mit
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language:
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- tl
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tags:
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- tagalog
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- dependency-parsing
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- contrastive-learning
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- bert
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- syntax
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- low-resource
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base_model: paulbontempo/bert-tagalog-mlm-stage1
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library_name: transformers
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---
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# Tagalog BERT with Dependency-Aware Contrastive Learning
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This is a BERT model for Tagalog with token embeddings fine-tuned using contrastive learning on dependency parse tree structures.
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## Model Description
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- **Base Model:** [paulbontempo/bert-tagalog-mlm-stage1](https://huggingface.co/paulbontempo/bert-tagalog-mlm-stage1) (we fine-tuned the stage_1 model itself from base BERT on the FakeNewsFilipino dataset)
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- **Language:** Tagalog (Filipino)
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- **Training Approach:** Two-stage fine-tuning for low-resource language processing
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1. **Stage 1:** Masked Language Modeling (MLM) on Tagalog corpus (FakeNewsFilipino)
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2. **Stage 2:** Contrastive learning with InfoNCE loss on dependency parse triples corpus (UD-Ugnayan)
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## Our Contributions
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We use a novel approach to encode syntactic structure directly into token embeddings:
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- Dependency triples (head, relation, dependent) were extracted from 94 UD-annotated Tagalog sentences
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- Contrastive learning with InfoNCE loss trained tokens to cluster by their syntactic roles
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- Tokens appearing as heads of the same dependency relation become similar in embedding space
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- This improves downstream NLP task performance for low-resource Tagalog
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## Architecture
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Standard BERT architecture with fine-tuned token embeddings:
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- **Hidden size:** 768
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- **Attention heads:** 12
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- **Layers:** 12
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- **Vocabulary size:** ~50,000 tokens (WordPiece)
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The contrastive learning stage used:
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- **Loss:** InfoNCE (temperature=0.07)
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- **Projection dimension:** 256
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- **Training epochs:** 50
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- **Final loss:** 0.076
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## Usage
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This is a standard HuggingFace BERT model and can be used like any other BERT:
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```python
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from transformers import AutoModel, AutoTokenizer
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# Load model and tokenizer
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model = AutoModel.from_pretrained("paulbontempo/bert-tagalog-dependency-cl")
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tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained("paulbontempo/bert-tagalog-dependency-cl")
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# Use for embeddings
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text = "Magandang umaga sa lahat"
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inputs = tokenizer(text, return_tensors="pt")
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outputs = model(**inputs)
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# Get token embeddings
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token_embeddings = outputs.last_hidden_state
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```
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### For Downstream Tasks
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Fine-tune on your Tagalog NLP task:
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```python
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from transformers import AutoModelForSequenceClassification
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# For classification tasks
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model = AutoModelForSequenceClassification.from_pretrained(
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"paulbontempo/bert-tagalog-dependency-cl",
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num_labels=3
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)
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# Train on your task
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# ...
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```
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## Training Details
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### Stage 2: Contrastive Learning
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- **Dataset:** 94 Tagalog sentences with dependency annotations
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- **Positive samples:** ~600 true dependency triples
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- **Negative samples:** ~10,000 artificially generated incorrect triples
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- **Batch strategy:** Relation-aware batching for efficient positive pair sampling
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- **Optimizer:** AdamW (lr=3e-5, weight_decay=0.01)
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- **Warmup steps:** 300
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- **Training time:** ~30 minutes on H100 GPU
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### Contrastive Learning Strategy
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- **Positive pairs:** Triples with the same dependency relation from true parses
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- **Negative pairs:** Artificially created grammatically incorrect triples OR triples with different relations
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- **Goal:** Cluster tokens by syntactic role to improve representation quality
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## Evaluation
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This model is designed as a pre-trained base for downstream Tagalog NLP tasks. The quality of embeddings can be evaluated through:
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- Dependency parsing accuracy
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- Named entity recognition
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- Sentiment analysis
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- Other token-level classification tasks
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## Limitations
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- Trained on only 94 sentences with dependency annotations (very small dataset)
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- May not generalize to all Tagalog language varieties
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- Best used as a starting point for further task-specific fine-tuning
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## Citation
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If you use this model in your research, please cite:
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```bibtex
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@misc{bert-tagalog-dependency-cl,
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author = {Paul Bontempo},
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title = {Tagalog BERT with Dependency-Aware Contrastive Learning},
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year = {2025},
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publisher = {Hugging Face},
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howpublished = {\url{https://huggingface.co/paulbontempo/bert-tagalog-dependency-cl}}
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}
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```
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## Acknowledgments
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- Built on top of Stage 1 MLM training: [paulbontempo/bert-tagalog-mlm-stage1](https://huggingface.co/paulbontempo/bert-tagalog-mlm-stage1)
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- Developed at University of Colorado Boulder
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- Part of neural-symbolic (NeSy) research for low-resource language processing
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